英语千变万化，但归根结底只有 5 种 基本句型。 掌握这些句型，就能看懂长难句的骨架。
符号说明
- S: Subject (主语)
- V: Verb (动词)
- O: Object (宾语)
- C: Complement (补语) - 补充说明主语或宾语
5 大句型详解
1. S + V (主 + 动)
- 动词性质: 不及物动词 (Intransitive Verb), 不需要宾语就能表达完整意思。
- Example:
- John Smith died in World War Two. (died 是 V)
- Birds fly.
- The accident happened yesterday.
2. S + V + O (主 + 动 + 宾)
- 动词性质: 及物动词 (Transitive Verb), 动作需要一个承受者。
- Example:
- I love you.
- John killed a spider.
3. S + V + C (主 + 动 + 补)
- 动词性质: 连缀动词 (Linking Verb), 如 be, become, look, sound, smell, feel.
- 逻辑: S = C (主语 是/变得/处于 某种状态)
- Example:
- He is a teacher. (He = teacher)
- The food smells good. (Food = good)
- He looks happy.
4. S + V + O + O (主 + 动 + 宾1 + 宾2)
- 动词性质: 双宾动词 (Dative Verb), 给人某物。
- 结构: 动词 + 间接宾语(人) + 直接宾语(物)。
- Example:
- My father gave me a book.
- She bought her mother a gift.
- (可以转换为 S+V+O: She bought a gift for her mother.)
5. S + V + O + C (主 + 动 + 宾 + 补)
- 动词性质: 使役动词/认知动词等。
- 逻辑: O = C (宾语 被变成/认为是/处于 某种状态)
- 区别 S+V+O+O: 宾语和补语之间有逻辑关系。
- Example:
- They elected him president. (Him = president)
- You make me crazy. (Me = crazy)
- I found the book interesting. (Book = interesting)
快速判断技巧
- 区分 O 和 C:
- 如果后两者能划等号 (Relationship is Equal)，是 O+C。(Him = President)
- 如果后两者不能划等号，是 O+O。(Me != Book)
- 区分 V种类:
- 主要看后面接什么成分。同一个动词在不同句子里可能属于不同类别。
S+V+O+O 明显
不能表达 O “是” O (Me is not a book) S+V+O+C 可以表达 O “是” C (Me is crazy)